What are the main reasons for cavitation in oil cylinder pipes?

2025-09-10 09:21:47

The harm of cavitation in oil cylinder steel pipes is quite significant, as it can cause the mating surface to turn black, and even lead to the burning of support rings and sealing rings, resulting in internal leakage of the hydraulic cylinder barrel When cavitation and other forms of corrosion work together, it will accelerate the corrosion rate of the main parts of the oil cylinder steel pipe several times or even dozens of times, seriously affecting the normal use of construction machinery Therefore, targeted prevention of cavitation in Hydraulic cylinder barrels is essential

(1) Essence analysis of cavitation

The generation of cavitation is mainly due to the mixing of a certain amount of air in the oil between the piston and the guide sleeve during the operation of the hydraulic cylinder As the pressure gradually increases, the gas in the oil will turn into bubbles. When the pressure reaches a certain limit value, these bubbles will rupture under the action of high pressure, rapidly applying high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the surface of the parts, causing cavitation of the hydraulic cylinder and corrosive damage to the parts

⑵ Unsatisfactory hydraulic oil quality leads to cavitation

Ensuring the quality of hydraulic oil is an important factor in preventing cavitation If the oil has poor foam resistance, it is easy to produce foam, which will lead to cavitation Secondly, if the frequency of changes in oil pressure is too fast or too high, it will directly cause the formation of bubbles and accelerate the rate of bubble rupture Experimental results have shown that areas with high frequency of pressure changes will experience accelerated cavitation At the inlet and return ports of hydraulic cylinders, due to the relatively high frequency of pressure changes, the degree of cavitation is also relatively higher than other parts In addition, overheating of the oil also increases the likelihood of cavitation

Improper manufacturing and maintenance leading to cavitation

Due to insufficient exhaust of the hydraulic system during assembly or maintenance, gas may exist in the system, which can cause cavitation under high temperature and pressure

⑷ Quality issues with the coolant leading to cavitation

When the coolant contains corrosive media such as various acid ions, oxidants, etc., chemical and electrochemical corrosion is prone to occur, and their combined action will also accelerate the rate of cavitation; If the cooling system is well maintained, it can prevent the occurrence of cavitation For example, if the pressure cap of the cooling system radiator is well maintained, it can keep the coolant pressure of the radiator always higher than the vapor pressure, thereby preventing the occurrence of cavitation For example, the thermostat of the cooling system; A high-performance thermostat can keep the coolant within an appropriate temperature range, reducing the energy released when bubbles burst.